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negative energy
Negative energy is a concept used in physics to explain the nature of certain fields, including the gravitational field and a number of quantum field effects.
In more speculative theories, negative energy is involved in wormholes which allow time travel and warp drives for faster-than-light space travel.
==Gravitational energy==
(詳細はgravitational energy in the field which attracts them towards each other. When they are indefinitely far apart, the gravitational attraction and hence energy approaches zero. As two such massive objects move towards each other, the motion accelerates under gravity causing an increase in the positive kinetic energy of the system. At the same time the gravitational attraction - and hence energy - also increase in amplitude. But the law of energy conservation requires that the net energy of the system does not change. This can only be resolved if the change in gravitational energy is negative, thus cancelling out the positive change in kinetic energy. Since the gravitational energy is getting stronger, this decrease can only mean that it is negative.〔Alan Guth'' The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins'' (1997), Random House , ISBN 0-224-04448-6 Appendix A: ''Gravitational Energy'' demonstrates the negativity of gravitational energy.〕
A universe in which positive energy dominates will eventually collapse in a "big crunch", while a universe in which negative energy dominates will either expand indefinitely or eventually disintegrate in a "big rip". In the zero-energy universe model, the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity.〔Stephen Hawking; ''The Grand Design'', 2010, Page 180.〕 Current observations support the scenario in which the universe is expanding at an increasing rate and is therefore dominated by negative energy. However the gravitational nature of this energy is less well supported and it is typically attributed to a mysterious "dark energy".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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